水分儀（電感測濕儀）

［型號：DMB6，德國瑪諾有限公司製］

1987

此便携式水分測量儀器用來量度紡織生產過程中原材料、半成品乃至成品的含水率。儀器附帶不同的電極和校正工具，適用於量度各種紡織品的含水率。

紗廠可以因應測試結果調整廠房的相對濕度，以確保棉線品質。

大興紡織有限公司贈

TEXTOMETER

[MODEL: DMB6. MANUFACTURED BY MAHLO GMBH & CO. KG. GERMANY]

1987

This portable device measures the moisture content of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products in textile manufacturing processes. A set of electrodes and calibrated scales can be adjusted to measure the moisture content in a wide range of textile products.

The results inform the relative humidity of a mill, which can be adjusted to maintain consistent yarn quality.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

右：紗線搖黑板機

［德國 ZWEIGLETE XTILPRUFMASCHINEN

GMBH & CO. KG #H]

約1960年代

大興紡織有限公司贈

RIGHT: YARN APPEARANCE

BOARD WINDER [MANUFACTURED BY ZWEIGLE TEXTILPRUFMASCHINEN GMBH & CO. KG. GERMANY]

C. 1960S

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

左：繞線板

1997

紗線搖黑板機將紗線按照指定間距平均地繞在黑板上，以檢驗外觀質素。

透過對比相同間距之標準樣板照片，檢驗抽樣棉紗的均匀度、毛羽及棉結等瑕疵。

LEFT: WINDING BOARD

1997

These tapered blackboards allowed for yarns to be equally spaced in parallel for visual examination.

By comparing the appearance of yarns against the standard rating photographs, qualities such as evenness, hairiness, neps and other imperfections could be assessed.

CHAT 六廠記憶銀行

2014-2019 年代

前紗廠負責人、主管及紡織工人之訪問

1950-1990年代

前紗廠負責人、主管及紡織工人之訪問

2014

大興紡織影片

1960年代

紗廠工人影片

CHAT MEMORY BANK

2014-2019

Interviews of former mill owners, managers and textile workers

1950s-1990s

Images of spinning processes and textile workers

2014

Video of Tai Hing Cotton Mill

1960s

Video of mill workers

CHAT 六廠記憶銀行

2014-2019 年代

前紗廠負責人、主管及紡織工人之訪問

1950-1990年代

前紗廠負責人、主管及紡織工人之訪問

2014

大興紡織影片

1960年代

紗廠工人影片

CHAT MEMORY BANK

2014-2019

Interviews of former mill owners, managers and textile workers

1950s-1990s

Images of spinning processes and textile workers

2014

Video of Tai Hing Cotton Mill

1960s

Video of mill workers

『棉紗大王』陳廷驊博士

陳廷驊博士（1923-2012）祖籍浙江寧波，於1954年創立南豐紡織。他年紀尚小已滿腔熱忱，17歲到達上海跟隨染布師傅做學徒。在上海打拼事業不久，便於1949年遷往香港，成為自學成家的企業家。

南豐紡織註冊後兩年，於1956年展開擁有5千8百40支紗錠的紗廠運作。

KING OF COTTON DR CHEN DIN- HWA

Nan Fung Textiles Limited was founded by Dr Chen Din-Hwa (1923-2012) in 1954. A self-taught entrepreneur born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Dr Chen began his work life at a young age. A youth with a vision, he left his hometown for Shanghai where he started his apprentice with a master textile dyer at the age of 17. After a successful career in Shanghai, Dr Chen took a further step and moved to Hong Kong in 1949.

After it was registered as a company in 1954, Nan Fung Textiles Limited started its mill operations in 1956, with 5,840 spindles.

『棉紗大王』陳廷驊博士

南豐紡織註冊後兩年，於1956年展開擁有5千8百40支紗錠的紗廠運作。

KING OF COTTON DR CHEN DIN- HWA

After it was registered as a company in 1954, Nan Fung Textiles Limited started its mill operations in 1956, with 5,840 spindles.

併條

利用牽伸系統拉幼棉條，再併合6至8個棉條筒的生條成為「熟條」。目的是平衡棉條粗幼，理順纖維。

DRAWING

Drafting and doubling processes, which combine 6 to 8 slivers into one, straighten and reduce unevenness in the thickness of the fibres.

併條

利用牽伸系統拉幼棉條，再併合6至8個棉條筒的生條成為「熟條」。目的是平衡棉條粗幼，理順纖維。

DRAWING

Drafting and doubling processes, which combine 6 to 8 slivers into one, straighten and reduce unevenness in the thickness of the fibres.

併條機

［型號：CHERRY D-400MT，日本HARA SHOKKI SEISAKUSHO製］

1986

併條機有兩個用途，一為拉幼棉條，二為將多道「生條」合成單道「熟條」，改善棉條的粗細均勻。這機器的輸出速度可達每分鐘4 百米。

大興紡織有限公司贈

DRAW FRAME

[MODEL: CHERRY D-400MT, MANUFACTURED BY HARA SHOKKI SEISAKUSHO, JAPAN]

1986

A draw frame has two functions: first, it reduces the thickness of slivers and second, it enhances material evenness by combining multiple strands of slivers into one. The maximum delivery speed of this machine is 400 metres per minute.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

併條機

［型號：CHERRY D-400MT，日本HARA SHOKKI SEISAKUSHO製］

1986

併條機有兩個用途，一為拉幼棉條，二為將多道「生條」合成單道「熟條」，改善棉條的粗細均勻。這機器的輸出速度可達每分鐘4 百米。

大興紡織有限公司贈

DRAW FRAME

[MODEL: CHERRY D-400MT, MANUFACTURED BY HARA SHOKKI SEISAKUSHO, JAPAN]

1986

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

六廠平面圖

1999

棉紡的整個過程都曾在南豐紡織的六廠內發生：清花、打棉、梳棉、併條、粗紗、環錠紡、氣流紡、絡筒、蒸紗及包裝。

MILL 6 FLOOR PLAN

1999

From blowing, fibre separating, carding, drawing, roving, ring spinning, open-end spinning, cone winding, steaming and finally to packaging, the entire cotton spinning process took place within Mill 6 of Nan Fung Textiles.

刊登於《華僑日報》之招聘廣告

1959年4月12日

刊登於「工人世界」中的申請表，為欲從事紡紗業的求職人士提供應徵渠道。住宿、膳食及薪水會因應申請人的工作經驗而調節。

除了基本個人資料外，申請人亦必須身世清白及有殷實的擔保人。報刊亦容許個別人士以別名投考，反映出當年香港人潮的動盪及流動。

◎ 南華早報

RECRUITMENT ADVERTISEMENT IN NEWSPAPER WAH KIU YAT PO

DATED ON 12 APRIL. 1959

This application that appeared in the "Worker's World" section provided an opportunity for those who sought work in the spinning industry. Housing, meals, and salaries varied in accordance to work experience.

In addition to providing basic information, applicants had to come from clean backgrounds with guarantors for proof. Use of nicknames was tolerated, revealing a time of volatile immigration flow.

©️ South China Morning Post

刊登於《華僑日報》之招聘廣告

1959年4月12日

刊登於「工人世界」中的申請表，為欲從事紡紗業的求職人士提供應徵渠道。住宿、膳食及薪水會因應申請人的工作經驗而調節。

除了基本個人資料外，申請人亦必須身世清白及有殷實的擔保人。報刊亦容許個別人士以別名投考，反映出當年香港人潮的動盪及流動。

◎ 南華早報

RECRUITMENT ADVERTISEMENT IN NEWSPAPER WAH KIU YAT PO

DATED ON 12 APRIL. 1959

In addition to providing basic information, applicants had to come from clean backgrounds with guarantors for proof. Use of nicknames was tolerated, revealing a time of volatile immigration flow.

©️ South China Morning Post

包裝針

約1990年代

在紗廠打工代表著一份收入不俗的工作；然而，很多工人寧願多賺一點而放棄休息。這枝針的物主賀志芳先生就是其中一位會在休假或下班之後加班的工人。他先在二廠上早班，再到一廠加班。

他在紗廠的包裝部工作，在每六個筒子紗一包的包裝上綉上「南豐紡織」招牌。賀先生笑言，現居荃灣的住所正是用這根針賺回來的。

賀志芳先生贈

PACKING NEEDLE

1990s

Having a job in spinning mills symbolised of a promising income. However, many workers would still sacrifice their days off for more earnings. The owner of this needle, Mr Ho Chi Fong, was one of them. After completing a morning shift in Mill 2, he would go to Mill 1 for an extra shift.

He worked in the packing department where he sewed "Nan Fung Textiles Limited" labels onto packages that each held 6 cones of yarn. Mr. Ho still claims that this needle earned him his flat in Tsuen Wan.

Donated by Mr Ho Chi Fong

包裝針

約1990年代

他在紗廠的包裝部工作，在每六個筒子紗一包的包裝上綉上「南豐紡織」招牌。賀先生笑言，現居荃灣的住所正是用這根針賺回來的。

賀志芳先生贈

PACKING NEEDLE

1990s

Donated by Mr Ho Chi Fong

南豐紡織

1970年南豐紡織聯合有限公司於香港聯合交易所上市，其三個主要業務包括棉紡、纖布及成衣製作。1975年南豐紡織共有6個廠房全線開動。

南豐品牌下的紡紗產品分銷至香港、東南亞、澳洲、歐洲、美國和中美洲，歸功於全盛期多達9萬2千支紗錠，成為全港最大規模的紗廠。

NAN FUNG TEXTILES

In 1970, the Nan Fung Textiles Consolidated Limited was listed on Hong Kong Stock Exchange; its three main areas of business were spinning, weaving and garment manufacturing. By 1975 the 6 Nan Fung mills were in full operation.

Its products were marketed in Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, Australia, Europe, the US and Central America. Meanwhile Nan Fung's mills had become Hong Kong's largest by capacity, with more than 92,000 spindles.

南豐紡織

1970年南豐紡織聯合有限公司於香港聯合交易所上市，其三個主要業務包括棉紡、纖布及成衣製作。1975年南豐紡織共有6個廠房全線開動。

南豐品牌下的紡紗產品分銷至香港、東南亞、澳洲、歐洲、美國和中美洲，歸功於全盛期多達9萬2千支紗錠，成為全港最大規模的紗廠。

NAN FUNG TEXTILES

南豐紡織工務規程

1963

此規程乃為紗廠管理人員而設，內容涵蓋廠內5個部門——運轉部、保全部、冷氣電氣部、品質部及總務科的工作指引及其注意事項，例如火警、勞資糾紛、工傷等。

NAN FUNG TEXTILES STAFF HANDBOOK

1963

This handbook was studied by the management staff of the mill and covered the working guidelines for 5 different departments: Operation, Maintenance, Air-conditioning and Electricity, Quality Control and General Affairs. Specific notes on risk management was provided for each department in case of fire, labour disputes and work injuries.

南豐紡織工務規程

1963

NAN FUNG TEXTILES STAFF HANDBOOK

1963

南豐紡織有限公司工業安全及健康委員會招牌

約2000年代

自2000年工廠及工業經營（安全管理）規例生效後，凡僱用100名或以上工人的廠房，都必須設立安全委員會。委員會至少一半成員要代表工廠工人，其功能包括釐定、建議和不斷檢討工業安全和勞工健康之措施。廠方應實施委員會建議之可行安全措施。

SIGNAGE OF NAN FUNG TEXTILES LTD.

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY & HEALTH COMMITTEE

2000s

When the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Safety Management) Regulations was enacted in 2000, it became the proprietor's duty for a factory of 100 workers or more to establish a safety committee. The committee, with at least half of its members representing the workers, carried out functions of identifying, recommending and reviewing the labour measures to improve industrial safety and health. Proprietors should implement the practical measures as recommended by the committee.

南豐紡織有限公司工業安全及健康委員會招牌

約2000年代

SIGNAGE OF NAN FUNG TEXTILES LTD.

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY & HEALTH COMMITTEE

2000s

南豐紡織的標籤

金杯牌、銀杯牌、賽車牌、金寶杯

約1980-1990年代

香港的紗廠都有各自的品牌，有的甚至有數個品牌標籤。廠方將這些標籤貼在棉紗樣辦上，讓營業部提供予客戶選擇。客戶最終會根據其所需的支數下訂單。在南豐紡織的品牌中，最廣為人知的要說是「金杯牌」。

BRAND LABELS FROM NAN FUNG TEXTILES

GOLDEN CUP. SILVER CUP. RACING CARS. GOLDEN DOT

1980s-1990s

Every spinning mill in Hong Kong had its own brands and labels. The mill would attach labels onto yarn samples for customers to reference. Customers placed their order according to the yarn counts they needed. Among all brands of Nan Fung Textiles, "Golden Cup" remains the most well-known.

南豐紡織的標籤

金杯牌、銀杯牌、賽車牌、金寶杯

約1980-1990年代

BRAND LABELS FROM NAN FUNG TEXTILES

GOLDEN CUP. SILVER CUP. RACING CARS. GOLDEN DOT

1980s-1990s

南豐舊照片

1950年代在南豐紡織一廠的搖紗機

1950年代在南豐紡織一廠工人把棉紗包裝成絞紗

1970年代在南豐紡織一廠絡筒工序

由右至左

NAN FUNG VINTAGE PHOTOS

Hank reeling in Nan Fung Textiles Mill 1 in the 1950s

Yarn packing in hank form in Nan Fung Textiles Mill 1 in the 1950s

Cone winding process at Nan Fung Textiles Mill 1 in the 1970s

From right to left

南豐舊照片

1950年代在南豐紡織一廠的搖紗機

1950年代在南豐紡織一廠工人把棉紗包裝成絞紗

1970年代在南豐紡織一廠絡筒工序

由右至左

NAN FUNG VINTAGE PHOTOS

Hank reeling in Nan Fung Textiles Mill 1 in the 1950s

Yarn packing in hank form in Nan Fung Textiles Mill 1 in the 1950s

Cone winding process at Nan Fung Textiles Mill 1 in the 1970s

From right to left

基本工業安全完成證書

1969

為確保工業安全，勞工署要求廠方派代表出訓練。

工務實班畢業證習員訓練書

1970

工務實習員訓練班旨在培訓人才擔任管理紗廠職務。

陳景強先生借出

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION - BASIC INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

1969

The Labour Department conducted compulsory industrial safety trainings for factory representatives to attend.

MILL TRAINEE GRADUATION CERTIFICATE

1970

This mill trainee programme aimed to nurture managerial talents.

Loan from Mr Chan King Keung

基本工業安全完成證書

1969

為確保工業安全，勞工署要求廠方派代表出訓練。

工務實班畢業證習員訓練書

1970

工務實習員訓練班旨在培訓人才擔任管理紗廠職務。

陳景強先生借出

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION - BASIC INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

1969

The Labour Department conducted compulsory industrial safety trainings for factory representatives to attend.

MILL TRAINEE GRADUATION CERTIFICATE

1970

This mill trainee programme aimed to nurture managerial talents.

Loan from Mr Chan King Keung

工人日常

對很多紗廠工人來說，工作最滿意的部份就是有穩定工資。紗廠三更制24小時運作令前工人陳玉芳女士既能照顧家庭，又能儲蓄。

放工後，同儕一起飲茶或打麻雀；夜更下班時間為早上7點，他們有些大伙兒去飲早茶，或到荃灣廟宇拜神。

WORKERS’ DAILY ROUTINES

For many cotton-spinning workers, the best part of their job was the stable income it gave them. Worker Ms Chan Yuk Fong says that the job allowed her to take care of her family and to start a saving, as the spinning mill was open 24 hours a day with three daily shifts.

The workers would go to yum cha or play mahjong after work. Those on the night shift, which finished at 7am, would go to yum cha together for breakfast or even go to visit the temples of Tsuen Wan.

工人日常

對很多紗廠工人來說，工作最滿意的部份就是有穩定工資。紗廠三更制24小時運作令前工人陳玉芳女士既能照顧家庭，又能儲蓄。

放工後，同儕一起飲茶或打麻雀；夜更下班時間為早上7點，他們有些大伙兒去飲早茶，或到荃灣廟宇拜神。

WORKERS’ DAILY ROUTINES

The workers would go to yum cha or play mahjong after work. Those on the night shift, which finished at 7am, would go to yum cha together for breakfast or even go to visit the temples of Tsuen Wan.

工作／資證及工資袋

約1970-1980年代

紗廠員工工資每月分上下兩期分發，除以件工計算，還有公司工（即每日固定工資）。

早期大部分香港的紗廠實行24小時運作，每日兩班12小時工作制直至1959年，為保障女工和少年工人，政府實施《工廠及工業經營（修訂）規則》，促成紗廠改行三班8小時制。

大興紡織有限公司贈

WORKER ATTENDANCE/ PAYMENT RECORD BOOK AND SALARY BAG

1970s-1980s

Wages for mill workers were settled twice a month and calculated either by productivity or by a fixed daily rate.

Spinning mills in Hong Kong usually operated 24 hours a day. Most of them adopted a 12-hour two-shift system until 1959, when the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance was enacted to protect female and adolescent workers, which led to the adoption of the 8-hour three-shift system across the industry.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

工作／資證及工資袋

約1970-1980年代

紗廠員工工資每月分上下兩期分發，除以件工計算，還有公司工（即每日固定工資）。

大興紡織有限公司贈

WORKER ATTENDANCE/ PAYMENT RECORD BOOK AND SALARY BAG

1970s-1980s

Wages for mill workers were settled twice a month and calculated either by productivity or by a fixed daily rate.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

從綿花到棉紗

謙卑的棉花可塑造出日常生活中非常普遍的東西，或應用於衣服、飾物及家居日用品。我們卻往往不太認識棉紡——由棉花到棉紗——的工序。

棉絮取自棉花種子的幼毛，纖維織成的是天然布料。棉花原材料運來紗廠，先紡成棉線或棉紗，才會生產成棉布。在18世紀英國工業革命之前，還未運用機械量產的年代，棉紡賴以全人手運轉的手紡車、家庭式進行。紡織機器發明後，才促進棉紗及棉布的高速量產。

FROM RAW COTTON TO COTTON YARN

Cotton: this humble, versatile material is ubiquitous in our everyday life, used in everything from clothing to furnishing to household goods. But most of us don't know much about the process of spinning cotton, which turns raw cotton into yarn.

Cotton is the seed hair of the cotton plant, which provides a natural fibre for textiles. Cotton enters a cotton mill as a raw material, and is spun into cotton thread or yarn first, before being woven into cotton fabric. Before the introduction of machinery in the 18th century during the Industrial Revolution in Britain, the spinning of cotton fibres into yarn took place on a cottage scale, and was a labour-intensive process using a hand-wheel. The invention of textile machinery enabled high-speed mass production of cotton yarns and fabrics.

從綿花到棉紗

謙卑的棉花可塑造出日常生活中非常普遍的東西，或應用於衣服、飾物及家居日用品。我們卻往往不太認識棉紡——由棉花到棉紗——的工序。

FROM RAW COTTON TO COTTON YARN

手動紗支測長機

［英國 JAMES H. HEAL & CO. LTD. 製］

約1960年代

以手動方式轉動標準周長54吋的紗框，可繞取一定圈數及長度之紗線。棉紗所需的測量長度為120碼或1縷，即搖轉80圈。

棉紗有一定的彈性，透過紗框繞取的棉紗能具有均匀一致的張力和準確長度。

大興紡織有限公司贈

WRAP REEL

[MANUFACTURED BY JAMES H. HEAL & CO. LTD., UK]

c. 1960s

This manual wrap reel is used to create bundles of yarns known as skeins. This tool is effective at ensuring the accuracy and uniformity of skein yarn tension.

This particular reel has a circumference of 54 inches. For a standard yarn count test, 120 yards of fibre is needed, which would take this reel 80 turns to acquire.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

打粗紗頭機

［瑞士立達製］

1958

此機器負責將粗紗廢料打鬆，還原成棉絮再用。這並非紡紗的基本工序，而是將材料循環使用，減低成本。一些紡織廠會利用重用棉紗織造勞工手套。

大興紡織有限公司贈

ROVING WASTE BEATER

[MANUFACTURED BY RIETER, SWITZERLAND]

1958

Though not a fundamental spinning process, this waste beater is important for retrieving reusable fibres to save material costs. It beats unused roving back into cotton tufts to re-enter into the spinning process. Factories would use the recycled yarns to produce heavy duty gloves.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

打粗紗頭機

［瑞士立達製］

1958

此機器負責將粗紗廢料打鬆，還原成棉絮再用。這並非紡紗的基本工序，而是將材料循環使用，減低成本。一些紡織廠會利用重用棉紗織造勞工手套。

大興紡織有限公司贈

ROVING WASTE BEATER

[MANUFACTURED BY RIETER, SWITZERLAND]

1958

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

招聘紗廠工

香港紡織業的成功秘訣之一就是人才濟濟。除了本地工人，還有來自中國大陸如上海、廣東和福建的移民工。一位曾在大興紗廠工作的工人憶述在1970至80年代期間，為配合政府難民政策，紗廠也有僱用越南難民。男工主要負責清花、梳棉、併條及粗紗，而因為精紡及絡筒工序較精細，女工的纖細指頭被認為更適合處理這類工作。

前紗廠工人陳玉芳女士認為接駁紗條、在兩端打結是最困難的工作，令其手指頭也乾裂。

TEXTILE WORKERS NEEDED

One of the secrets of the Hong Kong textile industry's success was its diverse workforce. In addition to native Hong Kong workers, many workers were migrants from mainland China, namely Shanghai, Guangdong and Fujian. According to an ex-worker, Tai Hing cotton spinning mill hired Vietnamese refugees in the 1970s and 80s because it was asked to by the government. Men generally took care of blowing, carding, drawing and roving while women engaged in spinning and winding, because slimmer fingers were considered more suitable for this sensitive work.

According to spinning mill worker Ms Chan Yuk Fong, one of the toughest parts of her job was tying the knots in the winding process, which gave her chapped skin on her fingertips.

招聘紗廠工

前紗廠工人陳玉芳女士認為接駁紗條、在兩端打結是最困難的工作，令其手指頭也乾裂。

TEXTILE WORKERS NEEDED

According to spinning mill worker Ms Chan Yuk Fong, one of the toughest parts of her job was tying the knots in the winding process, which gave her chapped skin on her fingertips.

服務證明書（連信封）

1973

在遵循訓練班規條的情況下，陳景強先生於公司工作滿五年後辭去職務。

為了紀錄陳先生任職管理員的經歷，當時的副廠長寫下了這封服務證明書，憑證著其受僱日期的同時，也為陳先生的良好表現作出嘉許。

陳景強先生借出

Proof of employment letter (with envelope)

1973

After 5 years of work with the company and in accordance to the regulations stipulated by his trainee programme, Mr Chan King Keung resigned.

The work of Mr Chan is commemorated by this statement of proof issued by the deputy director of the factory, who specified his dates of employment and remarked the satisfactory performance he provided as a manager.

Loan from Mr Chan King Keung

服務證明書（連信封）

1973

在遵循訓練班規條的情況下，陳景強先生於公司工作滿五年後辭去職務。

為了紀錄陳先生任職管理員的經歷，當時的副廠長寫下了這封服務證明書，憑證著其受僱日期的同時，也為陳先生的良好表現作出嘉許。

陳景強先生借出

Proof of employment letter (with envelope)

1973

After 5 years of work with the company and in accordance to the regulations stipulated by his trainee programme, Mr Chan King Keung resigned.

Loan from Mr Chan King Keung

梳棉

把棉纖維分梳理順，使棉絮中雜質剝離。棉絮通過梳棉機內的錫林，纖維被獨立分開，合成最早階段的平滑棉條「生條」。

CARDING

The cotton fibres are further cleaned by separating them and releasing the fine dust and particles trapped in the unopened cotton tufts. The cotton tufts are pulled apart and disentangled into individual fibres as they are passed through the carding cylinder, producing a smooth first-stage yarn known as sliver.

梳棉

把棉纖維分梳理順，使棉絮中雜質剝離。棉絮通過梳棉機內的錫林，纖維被獨立分開，合成最早階段的平滑棉條「生條」。

CARDING

棉紗

由南豐紡織製造

南豐紡織提供予本地梭織與針織廠大量製造胚布的棉紗，亦會出口棉紗到亞洲各地及英聯邦國家。

南豐紡織是其中一家最早引入氣流紡紗的紗廠，新技術使棉紗質素有所提升，強韌而不粗造，造就出能媲美美國的香港牛仔布。

COTTON YARN

PRODUCED BY NAN FUNG TEXTILES LTD.

Nan Fung yarns supplied local industrial knitters and weavers with materials for the production of "grey" (unfinished) fabrics. Yarns were also exported across Asia, to Great Britain and to other Commonwealth territories.

The company was early to introduce open-end spinning, resulting in strong but smooth yarns suitable for weaving Hong Kong denim that was on par with its American counterpart.

棉紗

由南豐紡織製造

南豐紡織提供予本地梭織與針織廠大量製造胚布的棉紗，亦會出口棉紗到亞洲各地及英聯邦國家。

南豐紡織是其中一家最早引入氣流紡紗的紗廠，新技術使棉紗質素有所提升，強韌而不粗造，造就出能媲美美國的香港牛仔布。

COTTON YARN

PRODUCED BY NAN FUNG TEXTILES LTD.

The company was early to introduce open-end spinning, resulting in strong but smooth yarns suitable for weaving Hong Kong denim that was on par with its American counterpart.

棉紡織手冊

約1960年代

香港棉紡業同業公會於1960年首次出版《棉紡織手冊》，內容涉及由原料到成品的資料，為紡織業内必讀的參考書。為配合紡織業的技術發展，紡織手冊每10年更新修訂出版。自1970年起，此手冊更名為《紡織手冊》，納入有關人造纖維的資料。

大興紡織有限公司贈

COTTON HANDBOOK

1960s

First published in 1960 by The Hong Kong Cotton Spinners Association, Cotton Handbook served as an indispensable source of information in textile manufacturing. From raw materials to end products the content was revised every decade to keep up with the technological advancements in the sector. The handbook was renamed as The Textile Handbook from 1970 to reflect the inclusion of synthetic fibres.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

棉紡織手冊

約1960年代

大興紡織有限公司贈

COTTON HANDBOOK

1960s

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

樣本容器

此容器用來放置從生產線抽取的原料、半成品和成品，以作樣本抽查之用；相信是由紗廠自行製造。

大興紡織有限公司贈

SPECIMEN CONTAINER

This container that was likely produced by its donor mill stored samples of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products for testing.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

樣本容器

此容器用來放置從生產線抽取的原料、半成品和成品，以作樣本抽查之用；相信是由紗廠自行製造。

大興紡織有限公司贈

SPECIMEN CONTAINER

This container that was likely produced by its donor mill stored samples of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products for testing.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

歡迎蒞臨棉紡廠！

陳廷驊基金會展廳以南豐紡織創辦人陳廷驊博士命名，閣下現正身處當時的第六廠房，2008年閉廠前這裡專門以空氣紡技術生產優質棉紗。

紡織業是本地工業先驅之一，與塑膠、鐘錶及電子業齊名，成為驅動香港經濟的重要支柱。昔日，本地紡織業的高效產量與環球時裝的龐大需求剛好接軌，直至1998年香港出口成衣總量仍然領導全球。

WELCOME TO COTTON SPINNING FACTORY!

The D. H. Chen Foundation Gallery takes its name from the Founder of Nan Fung Textiles, Dr Chen Din-Hwa. The building where you are in now was called Mill 6 and fine cotton yarns were produced here using open-end spinning machines until it closed in 2008.

Textiles were one of the earliest local industries in Hong Kong, along with plastics, watches and electronics. These industries became driving forces of Hong Kong’s economic growth. The high output of Hong Kong’s textile industry met the growing demand for clothing from the global mass. Until as late as 1988, Hong Kong’s garment factories remained the leading textile exporters in the world.

水分儀（電感測濕儀）

［型號：DMB6，德國瑪諾有限公司製］

1987

紗廠可以因應測試結果調整廠房的相對濕度，以確保棉線品質。

大興紡織有限公司贈

TEXTOMETER

[MODEL: DMB6. MANUFACTURED BY MAHLO GMBH & CO. KG. GERMANY]

1987

The results inform the relative humidity of a mill, which can be adjusted to maintain consistent yarn quality.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

水分儀（電感測濕儀）

［型號：DMB6，德國瑪諾有限公司製］

1987

紗廠可以因應測試結果調整廠房的相對濕度，以確保棉線品質。

大興紡織有限公司贈

TEXTOMETER

[MODEL: DMB6. MANUFACTURED BY MAHLO GMBH & CO. KG. GERMANY]

1987

The results inform the relative humidity of a mill, which can be adjusted to maintain consistent yarn quality.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

清花

一紮紮未經加工的棉花會經過開包，被送入清花間進行拆散、除雜的程序，同時可將不同棉花種類混和，保證棉紗質量穩定。

BLOWING

Cotton bales are separated to remove unwanted materials and foreign particles. Different types of cotton are being blended together to ensure that the quality of the yarn is consistent.

清花

一紮紮未經加工的棉花會經過開包，被送入清花間進行拆散、除雜的程序，同時可將不同棉花種類混和，保證棉紗質量穩定。

BLOWING

Cotton bales are separated to remove unwanted materials and foreign particles. Different types of cotton are being blended together to ensure that the quality of the yarn is consistent.

粗紗

棉條進一步拉幼成粗紗。粗紗機上滾輪牽伸棉條後，繞到筒管上。這時粗紗的粗幼只有熟條的30份之一。

ROVING

Roving is the process of making the yarn even thinner. The fibres are first twisted, then wound onto a bobbin. This roving yarn is 30 times thinner than the slivers that result from the drawing process.

精密機械磅

［日本計測器工業株式会社製］

約1960年代

這款機械磅是用來量度微細如棉纖維的物料，最大秤量為5毫克，讀數準確至0.02毫克。

品測部的員工會在右方的長方形隔間放入所要量度的棉纖維。在測重時，隔間必須緊閉，令氣流影響減到最小，及更快得出結果。

大興紡織有限公司贈

PRECISION BALANCE

[MANUFACTURED BY KEISOKKI KOGYO CO. LTD. JAPAN]

c. 1960s

This precision balance operates within a 0.02 milligram (mg) accuracy range for items weighing 5 mg or less.

To weigh a cotton fibre, the staff in the quality control department would place it inside the rectangular chamber on the right. Enclosure is necessary to reduce the effect of air turbulence and to minimise measuring time.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

精密機械磅

［日本計測器工業株式会社製］

約1960年代

這款機械磅是用來量度微細如棉纖維的物料，最大秤量為5毫克，讀數準確至0.02毫克。

品測部的員工會在右方的長方形隔間放入所要量度的棉纖維。在測重時，隔間必須緊閉，令氣流影響減到最小，及更快得出結果。

大興紡織有限公司贈

PRECISION BALANCE

[MANUFACTURED BY KEISOKKI KOGYO CO. LTD. JAPAN]

c. 1960s

This precision balance operates within a 0.02 milligram (mg) accuracy range for items weighing 5 mg or less.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

精紡

棉紗不斷由筒管繞到紗卷，當繞到末端便需與另一條紗接駁，這過程是為了扭出連綿不斷的纖維。精紡過後的棉紗粗幼只有熟條的二百份之一。

SPINNING

This process produces a continuous twisted strand of fibres of the desired thickness and length. Yarn is continuously transferred from bobbins onto cones with the ends of the yarn linked. The finished yarn is now 200 times thinner than a drawn sliver.

精紡

棉紗不斷由筒管繞到紗卷，當繞到末端便需與另一條紗接駁，這過程是為了扭出連綿不斷的纖維。精紡過後的棉紗粗幼只有熟條的二百份之一。

SPINNING

紅邊圍裙

2018年

南豐紡織會以不同的圍裙款式代表工人的職銜：

穿白色圍裙的是普通工人；穿紅邊圍裙的是指導工；穿綠邊圍裙的則是養成工（學徒）•

雖然工人在入職或升職時都會獲派相應的團裙，但工人仍會依循身型和工作需要而縫製自己的圍裙。這條圍裙是由前南豐紡織的紗廠領班陳品玉女士重新製作及捐贈。

陳品玉女士贈

APRON WITH RED PIPING

2018

In Nan Fung Textiles, apron designs represented the different positions held by workers. Plain white aprons were for common workers; aprons with red piping were for instructors, while green piping was for apprentices.

Although aprons were distributed to the workers when they first join the mill or get promoted, they also made their own aprons to fit to their physiques and working needs. This apron was remade and donated by Ms Chan Pan Yuk, a former employee of Nan Fung Textiles.

Donated by Ms Chan Pan Yuk

紅邊圍裙

2018年

南豐紡織會以不同的圍裙款式代表工人的職銜：

穿白色圍裙的是普通工人；穿紅邊圍裙的是指導工；穿綠邊圍裙的則是養成工（學徒）•

陳品玉女士贈

APRON WITH RED PIPING

2018

Donated by Ms Chan Pan Yuk

紅邊圍裙

2018年

南豐紡織會以不同的圍裙款式代表工人的職銜：

穿白色圍裙的是普通工人；穿紅邊圍裙的是指導工；穿綠邊圍裙的則是養成工（學徒）•

陳品玉女士贈

APRON WITH RED PIPING

2018

Donated by Ms Chan Pan Yuk

紗廠48小時

在紗廠內，從棉到紗的整個生產過程需時48小時。棉花先被分梳成纖維，然後梳順至相同方向，再搓扭成條，最後牽伸成棉紗。

在紡紗過程中，棉纖維和棉紗均需經歷各種品質測試，如棉紗的含水率、長度、強韌度、質地及抗磨力均是棉線的品質標準，而柔韌性和彈性對織出來的布影響較大，故此紗線的捻度（纖維抱合成棉紗所繞的圈數）和強度（斷裂力及斷裂伸長率）會監察得較嚴格。

48 HOURS TO MAKE COTTON YARN

The whole process of producing cotton yarn from raw cotton in a mill takes 48 hours. Raw cotton is first broken into pieces and then separated into fibres, before they are combed and carded to align them in the same direction. They are then spun and reeled as yarn.

During the spinning process, cotton fibres and yarns need to go through various quality tests. The quantity of moisture in the cotton, length, strength, feel and abrasion resistance all affect the quality of the yarn. Several indicators of strength and elasticity that will eventually determine the quality of the woven fabric is strictly checked: the twist of the yarns, single-end breaking force and elongation at break.

紗廠48小時

在紗廠內，從棉到紗的整個生產過程需時48小時。棉花先被分梳成纖維，然後梳順至相同方向，再搓扭成條，最後牽伸成棉紗。

48 HOURS TO MAKE COTTON YARN

紗管架

棉條量度儀用於捲取特定長度的粗條或粗紗，以測試其均勻度。紗管架的作用是穩定紗管，為機器貫入粗紗。

大興紡織有限公司贈

ROVING BOBBIN HOLDER

The wrap block machine is used to measure the linear density of slivers and rovings. The accompanying bobbin holder is used to facilitate the feeding of roving into the machine.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

紗線捻度儀

［瑞士 N.ZIVY&CIE.SA製］

約1960年代

此手動精密儀器將紗線設定於一定的距離及張力下，以旋轉的方式量度消除捻度所需的總轉數。捻度指的是將纖維抱合成棉紗所繞的圈數，影響著内聚力和强度等特性。捻度測試儀一般用來抽查品質及分析紗線構造。

大興紡織有限公司贈

YARN TWIST TESTER

[MANUFACTURED BY N. ZIVY & CIE. SA. SWITZERLAND]

c. 1960s

This hand-operated precision device places yarns under a fixed distance and tension to measure the number of turns required for untwisting. Yarn twists refer to the spiral turns that hold the fibres together and determines properties such as coherence and strength. This device was employed to sample batches and to comprehend yarn structures.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

紗線捻度儀

［瑞士 N.ZIVY&CIE.SA製］

約1960年代

大興紡織有限公司贈

YARN TWIST TESTER

[MANUFACTURED BY N. ZIVY & CIE. SA. SWITZERLAND]

c. 1960s

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

紫外光燈

［英國 REYNOLDS & BRANSON LEEDS 製］

約1960年代

紡織纖維在紫外光的照射下會產生不同的螢光，故此紫外線燈是其中一種分辨紡織纖維或區分雜質的方法。

在紫外光下

• 羊毛呈淡青白色

• 棉呈黃色

• 絲呈淡青色

• 人造纖維呈紫白色

• 尼龍呈青白色

大興紡織有限公司贈

UV LAMP

[MANUFACTURED BY REYNOLDS & BRANSON LEEDS. UK]

c. 1960s

Fibres have different reflective spectra under ultraviolet light. This lamp can be used to distinguish different types of textile fibres and impurities.

Under UV light:

• Wool appears light greenish blue

• Cotton appears yellow

• Silk appears turquoise

• Polyester appears lilac white

• Nylon appears light cyan

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

紫外光燈

［英國 REYNOLDS & BRANSON LEEDS 製］

約1960年代

紡織纖維在紫外光的照射下會產生不同的螢光，故此紫外線燈是其中一種分辨紡織纖維或區分雜質的方法。

在紫外光下

• 羊毛呈淡青白色

• 棉呈黃色

• 絲呈淡青色

• 人造纖維呈紫白色

• 尼龍呈青白色

大興紡織有限公司贈

UV LAMP

[MANUFACTURED BY REYNOLDS & BRANSON LEEDS. UK]

c. 1960s

Fibres have different reflective spectra under ultraviolet light. This lamp can be used to distinguish different types of textile fibres and impurities.

Under UV light:

• Wool appears light greenish blue

• Cotton appears yellow

• Silk appears turquoise

• Polyester appears lilac white

• Nylon appears light cyan

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

繞線板

1997

紗線搖黑板機將紗線按照指定間距平均地繞在黑板上，以檢驗外觀質素。

透過對比相同間距之標準樣板照片，檢驗抽樣棉紗的均匀度、毛羽及棉結等瑕疵。

WINDING BOARD

1997

These tapered blackboards allowed for yarns to be equally spaced in parallel for visual examination.

By comparing the appearance of yarns against the standard rating photographs, qualities such as evenness, hairiness, neps and other imperfections could be assessed.

繞線板

1997

紗線搖黑板機將紗線按照指定間距平均地繞在黑板上，以檢驗外觀質素。

透過對比相同間距之標準樣板照片，檢驗抽樣棉紗的均匀度、毛羽及棉結等瑕疵。

WINDING BOARD

1997

These tapered blackboards allowed for yarns to be equally spaced in parallel for visual examination.

By comparing the appearance of yarns against the standard rating photographs, qualities such as evenness, hairiness, neps and other imperfections could be assessed.

聽覺保護地帶告示牌

1980年代

紡紗是紡織業其中一個最高噪音的工序。這面告示牌提醒工人進入特定範圍時須戴上聽覺保護器。

紗廠工人長期在高聲浪的環境下工作，會構成職業性勞損。任何工廠每日聲量達90分貝或以上，僱主必須向僱員提供聽覺保護器。

請戴上耳機，用聽覺感受紡紗廠的聲音。您將聽到開包機預備棉花、梳棉機吐出生條及紡紗機精紡出纖細棉紗等各個必不可少的程序。

音效由溢達集團借出

EAR PROTECTION ZONE SIGNBOARD

1980s

Spinning is one of the noisiest processes in textile manufacturing. This signboard reminded workers to put on their ear protectors when entering particular zones.

Spinning mill workers were exposed to sounds of high volumes, which imposed risks on their health. Ear protection was provided should sound levels exceed 90 decibels.

Please put on the headphones for an auditory experience around the spinning factory. You will hear various important processes including bale openers preparing cotton, carding machines releasing slivers and spinning machines producing fine yarns.

Audio Loan from Esquel Group

聽覺保護地帶告示牌

1980年代

紡紗是紡織業其中一個最高噪音的工序。這面告示牌提醒工人進入特定範圍時須戴上聽覺保護器。

紗廠工人長期在高聲浪的環境下工作，會構成職業性勞損。任何工廠每日聲量達90分貝或以上，僱主必須向僱員提供聽覺保護器。

請戴上耳機，用聽覺感受紡紗廠的聲音。您將聽到開包機預備棉花、梳棉機吐出生條及紡紗機精紡出纖細棉紗等各個必不可少的程序。

音效由溢達集團借出

EAR PROTECTION ZONE SIGNBOARD

1980s

Spinning is one of the noisiest processes in textile manufacturing. This signboard reminded workers to put on their ear protectors when entering particular zones.

Spinning mill workers were exposed to sounds of high volumes, which imposed risks on their health. Ear protection was provided should sound levels exceed 90 decibels.

Audio Loan from Esquel Group

香港棉紡業同業公會

1980 1976

於1955年成立的香港棉紡業同業公會（棉紡會）的前身為棉紡業聯誼會。不少工人福利制度都是由棉紡廠率先開展，例如紗廠的年終獎金就獲得各會員同意並一致實行的。

會員錄內收錄了各成員紗廠的基本資料，包括負責人、通訊方式、機器設備和品牌等。

大興紡織有限公司贈

THE HONG KONG COTTON SPINNERS ASSOCIATION MEMBER'S DIRECTORY

1980 1976

The Hong Kong Cotton Spinners Association (HKCSA) was known as Spinners Club before its official registration in 1955. The association was ahead of other industries in settling welfare measures and wages. For example, the distribution of year-end bonus was agreed upon and adopted by the member mills.

The Directory recorded some basic information of its member mills, including the manager, contact details, plant capacity, brands, etc.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

香港棉紡業同業公會

1980 1976

會員錄內收錄了各成員紗廠的基本資料，包括負責人、通訊方式、機器設備和品牌等。

大興紡織有限公司贈

THE HONG KONG COTTON SPINNERS ASSOCIATION MEMBER'S DIRECTORY

1980 1976

The Directory recorded some basic information of its member mills, including the manager, contact details, plant capacity, brands, etc.

Donated by Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd

香港紡織業的夕陽

直至1990年代，香港紡織業的出貨量絕對跟得上環球時裝業日益增加的需求。生意額提升，工資也隨之而上漲。我們透過訪談得知，技工薪金由1970年代日薪港幣4至5元上升至1980年代月薪港幣1萬1千元。

到1990年代末，紗廠老闆都把廠房遷至東南亞國家如印尼甚至遠及非洲。自那個年代起，香港迎接經濟轉型，本地棉紡業面對海外廉價勞工的競爭，實是極大挑戰。

THE SUNSET OF HONG KONG'S TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Until the 1990s the high output of Hong Kong's textile industry was able to meet the increasing global demand for clothing. As the business grew, workers' salaries grew with it. According to our interview, technicians were paid HK$4-5 a day in the 1970s, but this rose to HK$11,000 a month in

the 80s.

By the end of that decade many Hong Kong spinners has started moving their factories to Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, and even as far as Africa. During the 1990s changing economic conditions made it increasingly difficult for Hong Kong to compete with cheaper overseas labour in the cotton industry.

香港紡織業的夕陽

THE SUNSET OF HONG KONG'S TEXTILE INDUSTRY

the 80s.